In contrast, dependency theory maintains that capitalistic practices have actively. Modernization theory involves five steps, as stated by one of the most influential american modernization theorist ever, in our course reader, w. Developmentalism, modernity, and dependency theory in. Nowadays, the modernization theory studies how new innovations and technologies are resulting in a homogenized world. The origin of dependency theory came as an alternative to the theories of modernisation and development as formulated and supported by the western and marxist. Currently, modernization and dependency theories are the two worldwide accepted speculations illuminating the diversification in the economic growth of these countries.
Feb 23, 2018 overview of andre gunder franks dependency theory for aqa a level sociology specification. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development alvin y. Sep 01, 2015 modernization and dependency theories are two attempts to explain the current state of underdevelopment in the world today. The marxist theory of imperialism explains dominant state expansion while the dependency theory explains underdevelopment. The third wave of modernization theory began to rise in the 1990s. I dont know when this theory was founded, but from my internet research ive got to know that it was the age of enlightenment when the fundamentals of this concept raised by a few philosophers who started to think about how their society transformed, and how they changed and progressed. Modernization and dependency theories are two attempts to explain the current state of underdevelopment in the world today. Modernization and dependency theory essay writing blog. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have.
Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. To put it more precisely, the modernization theory holds the premise that countries have different level of development but less developed. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern. The central propositions of dependency theory there are a number of propositions, all of which are contestable, which form the core of dependency theory. Modernization theory and classical dependency theory free. Modernization theory, ideology, and economic success. Modernization theory maintains that there is a traditional element of society that prevents development, and that a relationship to the developed world is necessary for development. First, the dependency theory is a characterization of the international system as comprising of a dominant and a dependent state, where the dominant states are the industrialized nations belonging to the oecd organization for economic cooperation and development, and the dependent states are the states of latin america, africa, and asia. In such a way, this theory views modernization of socioeconomic and political life of developing countries on the basis of the example of western countries as the only possible solution of the problem of backwardness of poor countries since western way of development is, according to modernization theory, is the only correct way to prosperity. Modernization theory is a theory of social and economic development, following functionalism or consensus perspective assumptions, that societies need to have harmony among their component parts globalization is also responsible for spread of modernisation across borders.
That being the case, the experience of latin america in the last decade suggests that it is time to discard or totally revamp much of the theory that has fallen under the rubrics of develop ment and. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret. Jun 24, 2015 modernization theory is a kind of development theory that explicates the process of change of a country to be modern. Instead, it tries to expose the contradictions in the modernization process and simply help explain the consequences of modern living in contemporary society. They grew up the revolt circumstances, during the antiwar protests. According to modernization theory, development will arrive in traditional societies after the modernization of their beliefs and attitudes. Ldc policy modernization theory and dependency theory. Basically, modernization theory became the foundation stone of this evolutionary prescription for development. How does the modernization theory and dependency theory. An outline and critique of competing theories by dieter nohlen, heidelberg. This term is used to indicate countries that are less economically developed than the united. Both modernisation and dependency theory make the mistake of treating ldcs least developed countries as homogeneous i.
Difference between modernization theory and dependency. For example, ethiopia and somalia may be neighbouring ldcs but their cultures are quite. Oct 30, 2011 one theory focuses more on endogenous factors, the other one on exogenous factors and both of factors may be relevant in explaining development issues. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is still being reproduced. Dependency theory does not deny this but condemns the terms under which it is done. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system. But the counter argument against the modernization theory by dependency theory is, west first world is developing at the expense of third world countries. Development, dependency, modernization, social change, gunder frank, the third world, developing countries, capitalism, imperialism, worldsystems.
There is, presumably, a need to make traditional societies beliefs and attitudes more rational. Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. Modernization theory is the process of transforming from a traditional or underdeveloped society to a modern western societies way of life. Underdevelopment is a condition fundamentally different from undevelopment. Worldsystems theory can be seen as a further development of dependency theory during the neoliberal era, with the theorist immanuel wallerstein being the primary theorist who advanced it.
Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. The core idea in modernization is that under development in the third orld can be avoided through the. Modernization theory the third world countries have experienced massive variation in the economic development since after the end of second world war. Indeed, they both have something different to say or more or less to say about the highlighted issues. Modernization theory and the comparative study of societies. Dependency theory the modernization theory is one of the points of view on the way the global stratification works. Modernization theory is a kind of development theory that explicates the process of change of a country to be modern. Modernization theory v dependency theory flashcards quizlet. Globalization is also responsible for spread of modernisation across borders. What is the difference between dependency theory and world. The theory takes into consideration factors from a certain place with the assumption that traditional places can be. Both theoretical explanations of global inequality. However, many economists and scholars have fiery debates about this based on the reality. To put it more precisely, the modernization theory holds the premise that countries have different level of development but less developed countries can improve their position through modernization.
The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were. Dependency theory has always been quite controversial. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists. Stated another way, marxist theories explain the reasons why imperialism occurs, while dependency theories explain the consequences of imperialism. Dependency theory was ardently welcomed by the us in 60s, because it was thoughts of young generation profound researchers. Modernization theory and the culture of dependency among third world democracies modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. The practical premises of both are the same, as one should expect given that worldsystems theory is essentially building on top of and with dependency theory. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches. Dependency theory, an approach to understanding economic underdevelopment that emphasizes the putative constraints imposed by the global political and economic order.
Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. A common term used in the news and social media today is the developing world. Overview of andre gunder franks dependency theory for aqa a level sociology specification. Modernization theory also know as modernism, modernization theories were best known for transforming traditional countries in what we know was the third world, into modern nations that have been developed through western ideas and models. Modernization theory is a theory that explains the process of improvement from an older culture to the newest one as well as explains the changing ways of communication and media use in traditional and postmodern societies. One popular model combines political development state and nationbuilding, participation, redistribution, economic growth, and social mobilization with cultural. Assuming such a prohibition could be achieved, poor, undeveloped nations would have to be banned from engaging in any sort of incoming economic exchanges with more powerful nations. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development.
Check out our top free essays on dependency theory vs modernization theory to help you write your own essay. So division of social science, hong kong university of science and technology, clear water bay, hong kong keywords. Andre gunder frank 1971 argues that developing nations have failed to develop not because of internal barriers to development as modernization theorists argue, but because the developed west has systematically underdeveloped. First proposed in the late 1950s by raul prebisch, dependency theory gained prominence in the 1960s and 70s.
Dependency theory seeks to analyze international politics by concerning itself with the existing unequal relationship among nationstates i. Yet this theory is hardly known, though it is extremely interesting and sometimes contradicts the. This theory involves the globalization well talk about the pros and cons of globalization later, where concept and technologies, as well as the ideas and social mores are easily spread around the globe, causing a global culture that functions as a. Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. The basic assumption of this phase was that people could change. Putting koreas development in comparative perspective. Society for comparative studies in society and history. Whats the difference between modernization theory and. This post is a brief summary of the dependency theory view of development and underdevelopment.
Modernization has been one of the most intensely negotiated concepts of the theoretical and historical social sciences over the last fifty years. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. Under critical theory, modernization is linked to an overarching process of. In such a way, the dependency theory is externallyoriented, whereas the modernization theory is internallyoriented. Some aspects of liberation theology and world systems theory are related to dependency theory.
Free essays on dependency theory vs modernization theory. Virtually all of the work being done now, including that of critics pursuing newer trends, such as dependency, is built in some ways on the perspective. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. Development theory so major reference works wiley online. From my understanding, the modernization theory focuses on a certain country, region, or nation, and analyzes how that entity has developed, compared to other nations in either the same area, or that are highly acknowledged globally. Modernization theory engendered considerable fascination, not least because it provided a template for development and promulgated an optimistic, albeit vague, vision of the. A remedy for dependency theory or foreign dependency would likely require global coordination and agreement. Marx and modernization shlomo avineri i arx had a specific theory about the nature of noneuropean societies, and this theory determined his views on the conditions and possibilities of industrialization and modernization in nonwestern countries.
Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. Modernization theory explains the processes involved in. In the latin american periphery these ideas were ap. Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning. Modernization theory is about social and economic development. Development theory economics and political science britannica. As hewitt 2000 noted, the dependency theory arose as a response to the modernization theory related initiatives and particularly its failures. For others, modernization is based more on the actual transforma tion of individuals through their assimilation of modern values. It is, broadly speaking, a marxist theory of development. Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development the emergence of development theory. More specifically, this theory holds that the richer nations increase in wealth at the expense of the poorer nations. Modernization theory martinez major reference works wiley. Whats the difference between the modernization theory. Modernization theory believes individuals change society, while world systems theory believe in nationless one world governments where everything is ordered into being.
It is here that the modernization begins to be more neutral, neither in favor nor against western modernization. Modernization theory is a theory of social and economic development, following functionalism or consensus perspective assumptions, that societies need to have harmony among their component parts. Huntington is alerting to the problem that some societies reach such social and economic modernization before they develop effective political institutions. Conceptions of the term have changed considerably during the course of this discussion. Modernisation vs dependency theory economics bibliographies. The first of these stages is the traditional stage. Its the difference between individuality capitalism and socialism. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our governments mandate. These five steps are classifications of societies that show the natural progression they go through to reach modernization. Development theory economics and political science. Dependency theory offers an almost exact opposite view on globalization than modernization does. Modernization theory, well start there, was developed by walt whitman rostow, or w. These are the people who believe in the modernization theory.
Were going to cover modernization theory as opposed to dependency theory. In contrast, modernization theory believes in its possibility due to the modernization of socioeconomic and political life of developing countries and their closer cooperation with developed countries, which is supposed to be a conscious and willing act of developing countries looking for ways to prosperity. Apr 17, 20 modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. Based on historical background, modernization theory regards western cultures as the best model to be followed by developing countries. They fail to understand that value systems and institutions tend to be culturespecific. The latter term simply refers to a condition in which resources are not being used. Gaining popularity in the 1950s, modernization theory has been one.